Electro-sensitive composition

ABSTRACT

An electro-sensitive composition comprising a fluorine compound having a predetermined structure, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving this fluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto, is disclosed. This electro-sensitive composition has a straight chain or cyclic fluorocarbon, and fluorine compound particles possessing dissociable polarity, dispersed in an electrically insulating medium; by means of the application of a voltage to this electro-sensitive composition, the transparency and viscosity thereof can be easily adjusted.

This is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 08/267,408,filed Jun. 29, 1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,058, which is a divisionalapplication Ser. No. 08/102,759, filed Aug. 6, 1993, now issued U.S.Pat. No. 5,374,367.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an electro-sensitive composition, andin particular to an electro-sensitive composition, the characteristicsof which, such as the optical characteristics, viscosity, or the like,can be altered by the application of a voltage.

2. Background Art

Conventionally, electro-sensitive compositions such aselectrorheological fluid compositions (hereinbelow referred to as "ERfluid compositions"), liquid crystal compositions, and the like, areknown.

An ER fluid composition is a fluid which is obtained by, for example,dispersing solid particles in a medium having electrically insulatingproperties; such a fluid composition possesses properties such that whena voltage is applied thereto, the viscosity thereof increases; that isto say, such a fluid composition possesses an electrorheological effect(hereinbelow referred to as an "ER effect").

This type of an ER effect is known as a "Winslow Effect"; when such acomposition is placed between electrodes and a voltage is appliedthereto, the solid particles dispersed in the composition are polarizedas a result of the action of the electric field which is generatedbetween the electrodes, and based on this polarization, the solidparticles are arranged and linked to one another in the direction of theelectric field by means of electrostatic attraction, and an effect ofresistance to external shearing flow is exhibited.

As ER fluid compositions exhibit the ER effect described above, it isexpected that such fluid compositions will find applications as fluidsfor braking or power transmission in apparatuses operating by means ofelectric control, such as clutches, dampers, shock absorbers, valves,actuators, vibrators, printers, vibrating devices, or the like.

Concrete examples of conventionally known ER fluid compositions includefluid compositions in which solid particles having surfaces which absorband retain water, such as silica gel particles, cellulose particles,starch particles, casein particles, polystyrene-type ion exchange resinparticles, or the like, are dispersed in electrically insulating oilssuch as silicone oil, diphenylchloride, transformer oil, or the like.Furthermore, ER fluids using inorganic solid particles having a lowelectric conductivity, including semiconductors, as the solid particles(Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, Laid Open No. 2-91194),and ER fluids using inorganic ion exchange particles comprisinghydroxides of polyvalent metals, hydrotalcites, acid salts of polyvalentmetals, hydroxyapatite, Nashicon (Na ion superionic conductor)-typecompounds, clay minerals, potassium titanates, heteropoly acid salts, orinsoluble ferrocyanides, as the solid particles (Japanese PatentApplication, First Publication, Laid-Open No. 3-200897), are known.

Conventional ER fluid compositions were heterogeneous systems(dispersion systems) in which the solid particles were dispersed in anelectrically insulating medium, as explained above, so that in thecourse of the use or storage, the solid particles tended to condense andprecipitate as a result of the attraction therebetween, and to bedeposited on electrodes and vessel walls, so that storage stabilityproblems existed which adversely effected the applicability of the ERfluids. Furthermore, in recent years the use of ER fluid compositions inautomobile engines and the like as a lubricating oil has been tested.These tests were based on the idea that, the viscosity of standardlubricating oils declined as the temperature rose, and ER fluidcompositions also experienced reduction in viscosity as temperature rosein the same manner in the state in which a voltage was not applied;however, if a voltage was applied to such a fluid, the effect of anincrease in viscosity thereby would cancel the decrease in viscosityresulting from the rise in temperature, and as a result, it would bepossible to maintain a predetermined viscosity irrespective oftemperature.

However, in this case, as well, because the conventional ER fluidcompositions were heterogeneous systems containing solid particles, itproved impossible to overcome the problems of abrasion during use aslubricating oils, and such ER fluid compositions thus proved unfit for apractical use.

There was thus a demand for fluid compositions which were homogeneoussystems, and moreover were capable of variations in viscosity inresponse to the application of voltage.

In contrast, liquid crystal compositions are compositions capable ofvariations in crystal arrangement in a liquid phase as a result of theapplication of voltage, and as a result of this variation, the opticalcharacteristics thereof are varied. As a result of this characteristic,such liquid crystal compositions have found use primarily as liquidcrystal display elements.

Conventional liquid crystal compositions were capable of variation inoptical characteristics as a result of the application of a voltage;however, this phenomena was observed only between special electrodeswhich were disposed with an extremely small gap therebetween and whichhad the oriented surfaces; furthermore, in order to make this opticalvariation visible, a complicated structure was required in whichpolarizing plates or phase contrast plates were incorporated, so thatthe price thereof was high and accordingly such liquid crystalcompositions found use only in small flat plate-type displays.

Thus, a composition capable of variation in optical characteristicswithout the need of such a complicated structure has been desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The electro-sensitive composition of the present invention comprises atleast one of the fluorine compounds shown in formulas (1) through (4),and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving thesefluorine compounds when a voltage is applied thereto.

    R.sub.1 -(CF.sub.2).sub.n -(CH.sub.2).sub.m -R.sub.2       ( 1)

In the formula,

R₂ indicates CH₂ OH, COOH, COOM (M indicates an alkali metal or aprimary to quaternary ammonium salt), or CH₂ SH,

n indicates an integer within a range of 3-30, and

m indicates an integer within a range of 0-2.!

    R.sub.3 -(CH.sub.2).sub.o -(CF.sub.2).sub.p -(CH.sub.2).sub.q -R.sub.4( 2)

In the formula,

R₃ and R₄ indicate CH₂ OH, COOH, COOM (M indicates an alkali metal or aprimary to quaternary ammonium salt), or CH₂ SH, respectively,

o indicates an integer within a range of 0-2,

p indicates an integer within a range of 2-20, and

q indicates an integer within a range of 0-2.! ##STR1##

(In the formula,

R_(f) indicates C_(3X) F_(6X-1),

x indicates an integer within a range of 2-4, and

y indicates an integer within a range of 1-3.) ##STR2##

In the formula,

R₅ and R₆ indicate CH₂ OH, COOH, COOM (M indicates an alkali metal or aprimary to quaternary ammonium salt), or CH₂ SH, respectively, and

i and j indicate integers within a range of 0-2.!

When a voltage is not being applied to the electro-sensitive compositionof the present invention, the fluorine compound is uniformly dispersedin the electrically insulating medium and is in white suspensiontherein. However, when a voltage is applied, in this composition, aportion of the solid particles in the composition are dissolved, and theremainder enter an electrophoretic state through electrohydrodynamicallyunstable motion, the composition becomes transparent, and the viscositythereof is increased.

Accordingly, the electro-sensitive composition of the present inventionmay be used as an engine lubricating oil, clutch fluid, a dampermaterial, a fluid for filling shock absorbers, valve lubricating oil, anactuator fluid, a vibrator filling material, machine lubricating oil,printer ink, or for power transmitting, braking or lubricating oil indevices operating by means of electric control such as vibrating devicesor the like.

Furthermore, the electro-sensitive composition of the present inventionis capable of varying the degree of transparency thereof by means of theapplication of a voltage, so that such composition may be used as anoptical shutter, an optical sensor, an optical switch, a shadingmaterial, a pressure sensor, a display, or the like.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The electro-sensitive composition of the present invention comprises atleast one of the fluorine compounds depicted in formulas (1) to (4)below, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving thisfluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto.

    R.sub.1 -(CF.sub.2).sub.n -(CH.sub.2).sub.m -R.sub.2       ( 1)

In the formula,

R₁ indicates H, F, Cl, Br, or I,

R₂ indicates CH₂ OH, COOH, COOM (M indicates an alkali metal or aprimary to quaternary ammonium salt), or CH₂ SH,

n indicates an integer within a range of 3-30, and

m indicates an integer within a range of 0-2.!

    R.sub.3 -(CH.sub.2).sub.o -(CF.sub.2).sub.p -(CH.sub.2).sub.q -R.sub.4( 2)

In the formula,

R₃ and R₄ indicate CH₂ OH, COOH, COOM (M indicates an alkali metal or aprimary to quaternary ammonium salt), or CH₂ SH, respectively,

o indicates an integer within a range of 0-2,

p indicates an integer within a range of 2-20, and

q indicates an integer within a range of 0-2.! ##STR3##

(In the formula,

R_(f) indicates C_(3X) F_(6X-1),

x indicates an integer within a range of 2-4, and

y indicates an integer within a range of 1-3.) ##STR4##

In the formula,

R₅ and R₆ indicate CH₂ OH, COOH, COOM (M indicates an alkali metal or aprimary to quaternary ammonium salt), or CH₂ SH, respectively, and

i and j indicate integers within a range of 0-2.!

The compounds of formulas (1) and (2) above are commonly known asaliphatic compounds containing fluorine. These compounds comprise astraight chain-type fluorocarbon chain and a terminal group possessing apolar functional group possessing dissociability.

In particular, in the compound of formula (1) which is used in theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention, the fluorocarbonchain contains 3-30, and more preferably 3-20, connected CF₂ groups.Furthermore, the terminal group possessing a dissociable polarfunctional group is a group such as a hydroxymethyl group, a carboxylgroup, a primary to quaternary ammonium salt or an alkali metal salt ofa carboxyl group, or a mercaptomethyl group, or the like; it is bound toonly one end of the fluorocarbon chain.

Concrete examples of this type of compound include, for example,

F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH, F(CF₂)₁₀ CH₂ CH₂ OH, F(CF₂)_(2a) CH₂ CH₂ OH (amixture in which "a" represents an integer ranging from 3-8) (marketedby Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. under the name Cm alcohol),

F(CF₂)₉ CH₂ OH, H(CF₂)₈ CH₂ OH, H(CF₂)₈ COOH, F(CF₂)₇ COOH, F(CF₂)₁₇COOH, etc.

The compound of formula (2) has terminal groups possessing dissociablepolar functional groups bound to both ends of a straight chain-typefluorocarbon chain.

In these compounds, it is not necessary that the polar functional groupsof both terminal groups be identical. Furthermore, it is not necessarythat the alkyl chain ((CH₂)_(o) and (CH₂)_(q)) of both terminal beidentical in length.

In particular, in the compound shown in formula (2) which is used in theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention, the fluorocarbonchain contains 2-20, and more preferably 2-12, connected CF₂ groups.Furthermore, the dissociable polar functional groups positioned at bothterminals comprise hydroxymethyl groups, carboxyl groups, alkali metalsalts or primary through quaternary ammonium salts of carboxyl groups,or mercaptomethyl groups, or the like.

Concrete examples of such compounds include:

HOOC(CF₂)₂ COOH, HOOC(CF₂)₃ COOH, HOOC(CF₂)₆ COOH, HOOC(CF₂)₈ COOH,HOCH₂ (CF₂)₃ CH₂ OH, HOCH₂ (CF₂)₆ CH₂ OH, HOCH₂ (CF₂)₈ CH₂ OH, etc.

The formula depicted in (3) is commonly known as a perfluoroalkylenoxyaromatic acid.

In particular, in the compound shown in formula (3) which is used in theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention, theperfluoroalkylenoxy side chains are straight chains possessing 6, 9, or12 carbon atoms. Furthermore, from 1 to 3 carboxyl groups are bound tothe aromatic ring.

Concrete examples of this type of compound include the following:##STR5##

The compounds shown in formula (4) are commonly known as ring formaliphatic compounds containing fluorine. These compounds posses a ringform fluorocarbon and two dissociable functional groups.

Concrete examples of such compounds include the following: ##STR6##

The fluorine compounds shown in formulas (1) to (4) may be manufacturedby means of commonly known methods, and as some of these compounds arecommercially available, they can be easily acquired.

In the electro-sensitive composition of the present invention, it ispossible to use these fluorine compounds individually, or to use two ormore such compounds in a mixture.

The electrically insulating medium used in the present invention is amedium possessing electrically insulating properties and which iscapable of dissolving the above fluorine compounds when a voltage isapplied thereto. This type of solvent possesses the characteristic ofsolvating the fluorine compounds which are polarized by means of theapplication of a voltage.

Representative electrically insulating media possessing this solvatingeffect include media possessing groups such as methyl groups ormethylene groups which are capable of solvation by means of hydrogenbonds; however, the solvation effect is not restricted to hydrogenbonds.

Concrete examples of the electrically insulating medium used in thepresent invention include, for example, silicone oil, sebacates,trimellitates, partially hydrated triphenyl, phosphazene oil,adipinates, phthalates, aliphatic carboxylates such as vegetable oils orthe like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as refined kerosene and the like,alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic or aromatichydrocarbons, ethers, phosphazenes, and the like; these may be usedsingly or in a mixture of two or more of the above.

In this type of electrically insulating medium, the above fluorinecompounds are solvated and become transparent even when voltage is notapplied. In this case, by mixing in another electrically insulatingmedium having a small solvation force in an appropriate amount, and thusadjusting the solvation force of the mixed medium, it is possible toarrive at the electro-sensitive composition of the present invention.

Among these media, silicone oil is particularly preferable in view ofits superior electrically insulating properties, thermal stability,storage stability, lack of moisture absorption, noncorrosive properties,and ease of handling.

The mixing proportions of the fluorine compounds with respect to theelectrically insulating medium described above are not particularlyrestricted; it is possible to select the amount of this fluorinecompound in accordance with the desired variation in viscosity andvariation in optical characteristics, so long as the fluorine compoundcan be stably partly dissolved in the medium during the application ofvoltage.

For example, the mixing proportions of the fluorine compounds shown informulas (1) to (4) above with respect to the electrically insulatingmedium should preferably be within a range of 0.1-35 wt %, and morepreferably within a range of 1-15 wt %.

In the manufacturing of the electro-sensitive composition of the presentinvention, particles of the fluorine compound shown in formulas (1) to(4) above and the electrically insulating medium may be simply mixed andsufficiently agitated at room temperature.

Furthermore, in addition to the fluorine compound and electricallyinsulating medium, it is possible to mix additives into theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention; these additivesinclude, for example, appropriate stabilizers, dispersants,antioxidants, flame retardants, thermal stabilizezs, ultravioletabsorbers, antifoamers, fungicides, colorants, and the like.

The electro-sensitive composition of the present invention which ismanufactured in this manner is in uniform white suspension when avoltage is not being applied thereto. That is to say, in such a state,the fluorine compound particles are uniformly dispersed in theelectrically insulating medium. Accordingly, this composition has lightscattering property and low viscosity.

The present inventors have discovered that when a voltage is applied tothis composition, the composition becomes transparent, and furthermore,the viscosity thereof increases; the present inventors have thus arrivedat the present invention.

That is to say, the degree of transparency and the viscosity of theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention change when thiscomposition is placed between electrodes and a DC voltage is applied tothese electrodes. This change is such that, with respect to the degreeof transparency, the transparency increases when a voltage is applied,and with respect to viscosity, the viscosity rises when a voltage isapplied.

This change is thought to occur by means of the following mechanism;however, the present invention is not limited to this kind of mechanism.

When a voltage is applied to the electro-sensitive composition of thepresent invention, the fluorine compound described above is polarized bythe action of the electric field produced between the electrodes.Subsequently, this polarized fluorine compound is solvated in theelectrically insulating medium containing, for example, methyl groups ormethylene groups, and thereby, this compound is dissolved in theelectrically insulating medium, and the composition becomes transparent.Furthermore, the particles are arranged in the direction of the electricfield as a result of the electrostatic attraction arising from thepolarization of the fluorine compound, and as a result of the influenceof the electrohydrodynamically unstable motion, the viscosity rises as aresult of resistance to external shearing flow.

The voltage which is applied to the electro-sensitive composition of thepresent invention is not particularly limited; however, a range of0.1-10 KV/mm, and more preferably, a range of 0.5-3 KV/mm, isappropriate.

When the voltage applied to the electro-sensitive composition of thepresent invention is cut off in the state in which this composition hasbeen made transparent by means of the application of a voltage, somecompositions maintain the transparent state, while others return to astate of white suspension after a period of from approximately 10minutes to 24 hours after the cut-off of voltage. Furthermore, there arecompositions which return immediately to a state of white suspensionwhen a shearing force is applied after voltage has been cut off in thestate in which the composition has been made transparent as a result ofthe application of a voltage. These changes of state arise as a resultof the type of fluorine compound and electrically insulating medium, aswell as the mixing proportions. Accordingly, by the appropriateselection of such components, it is possible to utilize theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention effectively in awide variety of industrial fields.

The electro-sensitive composition of the present invention having thecharacteristics described above can be utilized, for example, as afluid, the viscosity of which can be adjusted by means of theapplication of a voltage, such as an engine lubricating oil, a clutchfluid, a damper material, a shock absorber filling fluid, a valvelubricating oil, an actuator fluid, a vibrator filling material, amachine lubricating oil, printer ink, or as a power transmission,braking, or lubricating oil in apparatuses operating by means ofelectric control, such as vibrating devices or the like.

Furthermore, it is possible to vary the degree of transparency of theelectro-sensitive composition of the present invention by applying avoltage and shearing force thereto, so that the composition can be usedas, for example, an optical shutter, an optical sensor, an opticalswitch, a shading material, a pressure sensor, a display, or the like.

EXAMPLES

Hereinbelow, examples of the present invention will be explained.

Example 1

F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH (produced by Daikin Fine Chemical Laboratory, A-1820)was dispersed uniformly in silicone oil having a viscosity at roomtemperature of 0.1 Pa.s (produced by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.,TSF451-100) so that the amount contained thereof was 5 wt %, and theelectro-sensitive composition of Example 1 was thus prepared.

This composition was in a state of white suspension.

This composition was placed in a concentric-cylinder viscometer, a DCvoltage of 2 KV/mm was applied between the inner and outer cylinders ata temperature of 25 ° C., rotation was applied to the inner cylinderelectrode, and the transparency of the composition was visuallyevaluated while agitating this composition.

Furthermore, the rate of rotation of the inner cylinder was varied, andthe shear stress (Pa) at each shear rate (s⁻¹), and the current density(μA/cm²) between the inner and outer cylinders during shear stressmeasurement, were measured. The results of the measurement are shown inTable 1.

Example 2

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, F(CF₂)₇ COOH (produced by Daikin Fine Chemical Laboratory,C-1700) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 2 wasobtained.

This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The degree of transparency of the composition during voltageapplication, and the shear stress and current density at each shearrate, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. Theresults are shown in Table 2.

Example 3

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, the compound shown in formula (5) (produced by Neosu Co.,Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 3 wasobtained. This composition was in state of white suspension. ##STR7##

DC voltages of 0.5 KV/mm, 1.0 KV/mm, 1.5 KV/mm, and 2.0 KV/mm wereapplied to this composition, and the transparency, and shear stress andcurrent density at various shear rate, were measured in a manneridentical to that of Example 1. The results thereof are shown in Table3.

Example 4

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 3, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 3, dioctylsebacate (DOS) (produced by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co.,Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 4 wasobtained.

This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results are shown in Table 4.

Example 5

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, the compound shown in formula (6) (produced by Neosu Co.,Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 5 wasobtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension. ##STR8##

DC voltages of 0.5 KV/mm 1.0 KV/mm, 1.5 KV/mm and 2.0 KV/mm were appliedto this composition, and the transparency, and shear stress and currentdensity at various shear rate, were measured in a manner identical tothat of Example 1. The results thereof are shown in Table 5.

Example 6

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, F(CF₂)₉ CH₂ OH (produced by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.)was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 6 wasobtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of voltage to this composition, weremeasured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The results areshown in Table 6.

Example 7

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, F(CF₂)₁₇ (COOH) (produced by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 7 wasobtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of voltage to the composition, weremeasured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The results thereofare shown in Table 7.

Example 8

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 7, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 7, DOS (produced by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used, andthe electro-sensitive composition of Example 8 was obtained. Thiscomposition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results thereof are shown in Table 8.

Example 9

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, F(CF₂)₁₀ CH₂ CH₂ OH (produced by Daikin Fine ChemicalsLaboratory, A-2020) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition ofExample 9 was obtained. This composition was in a state of whitesuspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a voltage to this composition, weremeasured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The results thereofare shown in Table 9.

Example 10

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 9, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 9, phosphazene oil (produced by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.,Otsuka Phospharol NF-46) was used, and the electro-sensitive compositionof Example 10 was obtained. This composition was in a state of whitesuspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results thereof are shown in Table 10.

Example 11

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 9, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 9, DOS (produced by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used, andthe electro-sensitive composition of Example 11 was obtained. Thiscomposition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results thereof are shown in Table 11.

Example 12

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, F(CF₂)_(2a) CH₂ CH₂ OH (a mixture in which "a" represents aninteger within a range of 3-8, produced by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., Cmalcohol) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 12was obtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a voltage to this composition, weremeasured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The results thereofare shown in Table 12.

Example 13

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, H(CF₂)₈ CH₂ OH (produced by Daikin Fine Chemicals Laboratory,A-5810) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 13was obtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a voltage to this composition, weremeasured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The results thereofare shown in Table 13.

Example 14

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, H(CF₂)₈ COOH (produced by Daikin Fine Chemical Laboratory,C-5800) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 14was obtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a voltage to this composition, weremeasured in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The results thereofare shown in Table 14.

Example 15

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 9, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 9, partially hydrated triphenyl oil (produced by Nippon SteelChemical Co., Ltd., Therm-S-900) was used, and the electro-sensitivecomposition of Example 15 was obtained. This composition was in a stateof white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results thereof are shown in Table 15.

Example 16

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 9, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 9, a completely fluorinated inert fluid (produced by Sumitomo 3MCo., Ltd., Fluorinert FC-43) was used, and the electro-sensitivecomposition of Example 16 was obtained. This composition was in a stateof white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results thereof are shown in Table 16.

Example 17

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 9, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 9, trimellitate oil (produced by Dainippon Ink and Chemical,Inc., Monocizer W-700) was used, and the electro-sensitive compositionof Example 17 was obtained. This composition was in a state of whitesuspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition, were measured in a manner identical to that of Example 1.The results thereof are shown in Table 17.

Example 18

5 parts by weight of the dioctylsebacate used in Example 4 and 95 partsby weight of the phosphazene oil used in Example 10, were mixed, and amixed electrically insulating medium was obtained. The F(CF₂)₇ COOHwhich was used in Example 2 was uniformly dispersed in this mixed mediumso as to reach an amount of 5 wt %, and the electro-sensitivecomposition of Example 18 was obtained. This composition, althoughsemitransparent, was in a state of white suspension.

When the transparency of this composition during the application of a DCvoltage of 2.0 KV/mm was evaluated in a manner identical to that ofExample 1, this composition was found to change to a transparent state.

Example 19

HOOC--(CF₂)₆ --COOH (produced by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) wasdispersed uniformly in silicone oil having a viscosity of 0.1 Pa.s atroom temperature (produced by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd., TSF451-100) soas to reach an amount of 5 wt %, and the electro-sensitive compositionof Example 19 was obtained. This composition was in a state of whitesuspension.

When the transparency of this composition during the application of a DCvoltage of 2.0 KV/mm was evaluated in a manner identical to that ofExample 1, this composition was found to have changed to a transparentstate.

Example 20

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 19, withthe exception that in place of the HOOC--(CF₂)₆ --COOH which was used inExample 19, the compound shown in Formula (9) (produced by IdemitsuPetrochemical Co., Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive compositionof Example 20 was obtained. This composition was in a state of whitesuspension.

When the transparency, and shear stress and current density at variousshear rate, during the application of a DC voltage of 2.0 KV/mm to thiscomposition were evaluated in a manner identical to that of Example 1,this composition was found to have changed to a transparent state.##STR9##

Example 21

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 19, withthe exception that in place of the HOOC--(CF₂)₆ --COOH which was used inExample 19, HOCH₂ --(CF₂)₈ --CH₂ OH (produced by Idemitsu PetrochemicalCo., Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 21was obtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

This composition was placed in a concentric-cylinder viscometer, a DCvoltage of 1.0 KV/mm was applied between the inner and outer cylindersat a temperature of 25° C., rotation was applied to the inner cylinder,and the transparency of the composition was visually evaluated whileagitating the composition.

Furthermore, the rotation of the inner cylinder was varied, and shearstress (Pa) at various shear rate (s⁻¹), and current density (μa/cm²)between the inner and outer cylinders during shear stress measurement,were measured. The results of this measurement are shown in Table 18.

Example 22

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 19, withthe exception that in place of the HOOC--(CF₂)₆ --COOH which was used inExample 19, HOCH₂ --(CF₂)₃ --CH₂ OH (produced by Idemitsu PetrochemicalCo., Ltd.) was used, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 22was obtained. This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, of this compound were measured in a manner identical to that ofExample 21. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 19.

Example 23

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 21, withthe exception that in place of the silicone oil which was used inExample 21, phosphazene oil (produced by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) wasused, and the electro-sensitive composition of Example 23 was obtained.This composition was in a state of white suspension.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, of this composition were measured in a manner identical to that ofExample 21. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 20.

Comparative Example 1

A process was followed which was identical to that of Example 1, withthe exception that in place of the F(CF₂)₈ CH₂ CH₂ OH which was used inExample 1, F(CF₂)₂ CH₂ OH (produced by Daikin Fine Chemical Laboratory,A-1210) was used, and the composition of Comparative Example 1 wasobtained.

The F(CF₂)₂ CH₂ OH dissolved in the medium, and the composition wastransparent.

The transparency, and shear stress and current density at various shearrate, during the application of a voltage to this composition wereevaluated in a manner identical to that of Example 1. The resultsthereof are shown in Table 21.

It was clear from the above results that the electro-sensitivecompositions of the present invention shown in Examples 1-23 had opticalcharacteristics and viscosities which changed as a result of theapplication of a voltage.

In contrast, compositions such as that shown in Comparative Example 1,which utilized fluorine compounds which do not fall within the scope ofthe present invention, exhibited no change in transparency, beingtransparent before and after the application of voltage, andfurthermore, no changes in viscosity could be observed.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              97.7                                                                             58.5                                                                             35.2                                                                             21.1                                                                             12.9                                                                             7.94                                                                              5.21                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              129                                                                              88.0                                                                             60.8                                                                             42.2                                                                             30.3                                                                             22.3                                                                              16.6                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              98.0                                                                             58.8                                                                             35.0                                                                             20.8                                                                             12.6                                                                             7.94                                                                              4.96                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Semi-                                                                              Shear                                                                              100                                                                              65.7                                                                             47.1                                                                             34.7                                                                             27.3                                                                             18.1                                                                              11.9                                             transpa-                                                                           Stress (Pa)                                                              rent                                                                               Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              106                                                                              62.3                                                                             37.2                                                                             22.3                                                                             13.4                                                                             8.26                                                                              5.21                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     0.5  Semi-                                                                              Shear                                                                              117                                                                              69.9                                                                             45.9                                                                             27.5                                                                             16.4                                                                             11.7                                                                              7.94                                             Transpa-                                                                           Stress (Pa)                                                              rent                                                                               Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    1    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              125                                                                              78.6                                                                             50.8                                                                             30.3                                                                             21.3                                                                             18.6                                                                              12.4                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    1.5  Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              130                                                                              79.4                                                                             54.6                                                                             44.6                                                                             31.0                                                                             19.8                                                                              13.1                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              136                                                                              84.3                                                                             79.4                                                                             52.1                                                                             37.2                                                                             23.6                                                                              17.4                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              23.1                                                                             13.9                                                                             8.93                                                                             4.46                                                                             *) *)  *)                                               Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              58.3                                                                             34.2                                                                             27.3                                                                             18.6                                                                             *) *)  *)                                               rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                            Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________     *)Impossible to measure as a result of low shear stress.                 

                                      TABLE 5                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              110                                                                              64.5                                                                             37.9                                                                             22.8                                                                             13.4                                                                             8.43                                                                              5.46                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     0.5  Semi-                                                                              Shear                                                                              119                                                                              70.7                                                                             43.4                                                                             26.0                                                                             15.6                                                                             10.1                                                                              6.70                                             transpa-                                                                           Stress (Pa)                                                              rent                                                                               Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    1    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              126                                                                              79.4                                                                             54.6                                                                             34.7                                                                             23.6                                                                             15.6                                                                              10.4                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    1.5  Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              143                                                                              109                                                                              67.0                                                                             44.6                                                                             27.8                                                                             20.6                                                                              13.6                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              152                                                                              105                                                                              71.9                                                                             45.9                                                                             33.2                                                                             24.8                                                                              17.4                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 6                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              98.7                                                                             58.3                                                                             34.7                                                                             20.3                                                                             12.4                                                                             7.44                                                                              4.96                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              136                                                                              102                                                                              67.7                                                                             54.6                                                                             43.4                                                                             33.5                                                                              24.8                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 7                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              101                                                                              60.0                                                                             35.7                                                                             19.8                                                                             11.7                                                                             7.19                                                                              4.22                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              107                                                                              71.9                                                                             71.9                                                                             67.0                                                                             52.1                                                                             37.2                                                                              29.8                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 8                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              20.3                                                                             12.3                                                                             7.44                                                                             4.22                                                                             *) *)  *)                                               Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              62.0                                                                             54.7                                                                             37.2                                                                             21.1                                                                             16.1                                                                             *)  *)                                               rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             2.6                                                                              2.6                                                                              2.6                                                                              3.9                                                          Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________     *)Impossible to measure as a result of low shear stress.                 

                                      TABLE 9                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              104                                                                              60.8                                                                             35.0                                                                             20.6                                                                             12.0                                                                             7.94                                                                              5.21                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                    rent Stress (Pa)                                                                        196                                                                              130                                                                              94.2                                                                             64.5                                                                             37.2                                                                             24.8                                                                              16.6                                                  Current                                                                       Density                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 10                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              158                                                                              95.7                                                                             57.0                                                                             34.2                                                                             20.1                                                                             12.4                                                                              7.69                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              206                                                                              169                                                                              131                                                                              102                                                                              75.6                                                                             54.6                                                                              42.2                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            2.6                                                                              3.9                                                                              5.2                                                                              3.9                                                                              3.9                                                                              2.6 2.6                                                   Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 11                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              22.3                                                                             13.4                                                                             8.43                                                                             5.70                                                                             *) *)  *)                                               Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              67.0                                                                             52.1                                                                             32.2                                                                             19.8                                                                             12.4                                                                             *)  *)                                               rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                         Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________     *)Impossible to measure as a result of low shear stress.                 

                                      TABLE 12                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              101                                                                              60.8                                                                             37.0                                                                             22.3                                                                             13.9                                                                             9.18                                                                              6.20                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              171                                                                              131                                                                              85.6                                                                             54.6                                                                             44.6                                                                             32.2                                                                              18.6                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            2.6                                                                              6.5                                                                              11.7                                                                             15.6                                                                             13.0                                                                             10.4                                                                              7.8                                                   Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 13                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              98.0                                                                             58.5                                                                             35.2                                                                             21.2                                                                             13.1                                                                             8.43                                                                              5.21                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              120                                                                              76.9                                                                             49.6                                                                             34.7                                                                             24.8                                                                             19.1                                                                              14.9                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 14                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              104                                                                              62.7                                                                             38.4                                                                             24.8                                                                             15.9                                                                             9.92                                                                              5.95                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              112                                                                              76.9                                                                             50.8                                                                             34.7                                                                             23.1                                                                             14.9                                                                              9.92                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 15                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              55.8                                                                             33.0                                                                             19.8                                                                             12.2                                                                             7.44                                                                             5.21                                                                              *)                                               Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              90.0                                                                             64.5                                                                             49.6                                                                             33.5                                                                             24.1                                                                             17.9                                                                              15.6                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________     *)Impossible to measure as a result of low shear stress.                 

                                      TABLE 16                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              17.1                                                                             8.43                                                                             4.22                                                                             *) *) *)  *)                                               Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              50.1                                                                             37.2                                                                             33.0                                                                             31.0                                                                             28.5                                                                             24.8                                                                              22.3                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            1.3                                                                              1.3                                                                              1.3                                                                              1.3                                                                              1.3                                                                              1.3 1.3                                                   Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________     *)Impossible to measure as a result of low shear stress.                 

                                      TABLE 17                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              198                                                                              127                                                                              77.4                                                                             47.1                                                                             28.0                                                                             16.9                                                                              10.4                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              280                                                                              242                                                                              174                                                                              138                                                                              96.7                                                                             64.5                                                                              47.1                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 18                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              101                                                                              59.5                                                                             35.7                                                                             21.3                                                                             12.9                                                                             8.43                                                                              5.21                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     1    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              108                                                                              69.4                                                                             47.1                                                                             38.4                                                                             27.3                                                                             17.4                                                                              10.4                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            10.0                                                                             12.5                                                                             37.5                                                                             50.0                                                                             60.0                                                                             60.0                                                                              60.0                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 19                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              99.0                                                                             59.0                                                                             34.5                                                                             20.8                                                                             12.4                                                                             7.69                                                                              4.71                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     1    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              112                                                                              71.2                                                                             44.4                                                                             27.8                                                                             17.4                                                                             12.9                                                                              8.43                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            12.9                                                                             51.9                                                                             103.9                                                                            116.9                                                                            116.9                                                                            135.1                                                                             122.1                                                 Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 20                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    White                                                                              Shear                                                                              190                                                                              114                                                                              70.4                                                                             42.9                                                                             27.3                                                                             18.6                                                                              13.1                                             Suspen-                                                                            Stress (Pa)                                                              sion                                                                     1    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              210                                                                              136                                                                              107                                                                              99.2                                                                             *) *)  *)                                               rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            13.0                                                                             26.0                                                                             103.9                                                                            311.7                                                                            *) *)  *)                                                    Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________     *)In low shearing rate measurement regions of 115 sec.sup.-1 or below, ga     bubble formation was observed in the composition, so that measurement was     impossible.                                                              

                                      TABLE 21                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Applied                                                                       Voltage                                                                            Transpa-                                                                           Shear rate                                                          (KV/mm)                                                                            rency                                                                              (s.sup.-1)                                                                         890                                                                              534                                                                              320                                                                              191                                                                              115                                                                              68.5                                                                              40.9                                        __________________________________________________________________________    0    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              84.8                                                                             50.1                                                                             29.8                                                                             17.6                                                                             10.5                                                                             6.69                                                                              4.00                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                         2    Transpa-                                                                           Shear                                                                              84.8                                                                             50.3                                                                             29.8                                                                             17.6                                                                             10.5                                                                             6.69                                                                              4.00                                             rent Stress (Pa)                                                                   Current                                                                            <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                             <1.3                                                                              <1.3                                                  Density                                                                       (μA/cm.sup.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

What is claimed is:
 1. An electro-sensitive composition comprisinga) afluoride compound shown in Formula (1)

    R.sub.1 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.2    ( 1)

in the Formula (1), R₁ is H, F, Cl, Br, or I, R₂ is COOH, n is aninteger in a range of 3-30, and m is an integer in a range of 0-2; andb) an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving said fluoridecompound when a voltage is applied thereto, wherein said electricallyinsulating medium is at least one compound selected from the groupconsisting of silicone oil, dioctylsebacate, phosphazene oil, partiallyhydrated triphenyl oil, completely fluorinated inert fluid, andtrimellitate oil.
 2. An electro-sensitive composition in accordance withclaims 1, wherein said fluorine compound posses a fluorocarbon chainhaving a number of carbon atoms from 3 to 30, and one carboxyl group. 3.An electro-sensitive composition in accordance with claims 1, whereinsaid electro-sensitive composition contains at least one selected fromthe group consisting of stabilizers, dispersants, antioxidants, flameretardants, heat-stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antifoaming agents,fungicides, and colorants.